Topics in Oral Medicine

Musculoskeletal Disorders 1560
- Infections of the Jaw106
  - Alveolar Osteitis11
  - Osteomyelitis62
    - Acute Osteomyelitis25
    - Chronic Osteomyelitis26
    - Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis11
  - Osteoradionecrosis21
  - Sclerotic Bone Islands12
- Cysts Around the Jaws255
  - Odontogenic Cysts189
    - Cysts of Inflammatory Origin49
      - Radicular Cyst36
        Lateral Radicular Cyst13
        Residual Radicular Cyst21
      - Inflammatory Collateral Cyst13
    - Cysts of Developmental or Unknown Origin140
      - Dentigerous Cyst29
      - Odontogenic Keratocyst24
        Basal Cell Naevus Syndrome16
      - Orthokeratinised Odontogenic Cyst11
      - Lateral Periodontal Cyst18
      - Glandular Odontogenic Cyst16
      - Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst27
      - Gingival Cyst15
  - Non-Odontogenic Cyst66
    - Incisive Canal Cyst17
    - Nasolabial Cyst13
    - Sublingual Dermoid Cyst12
    - Thyroglossal Duct Cyst13
    - Branchial Cyst11
    - Foregut Cyst
- Odontogenic Tumours356
  - Benign Epithelial Tumours84
    - Ameloblastoma38
    - Squamous Odontogenic Tumour12
    - Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour19
    - Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour15
  - Benign Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Tumours53
    - Ameloblastic Fibroma9
    - Primordial Odontogenic Tumour12
    - Odontome22
    - Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumour10
  - Benign Mesenchymal Tumours49
    - Odontogenic Fibroma10
    - Odontogenic Myxoma17
    - Cementoblastoma22
  - Fibro-Osseous Lesions75
    - Cemento-Ossifying Fibromas12
    - Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia17
    - Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia26
    - Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia19
    - McCune-Albright Syndrome1
  - Malignant Neoplasms95
    - Ameloblastic Carcinoma13
    - Primary Intra-Osseous Carcinoma17
    - Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma3
    - Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma15
    - Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma11
    - Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma16
    - Odontogenic Sarcoma20
- Non-Odontogenic Tumours518
  - Non-Neoplastic302
    - Exostosis and Tori7
    - Salivary Calculi28
    - Osteochondroma12
    - Salivary Duct Strictures9
    - Central Giant Cell Granuloma31
    - Mucocele25
    - Sialadenitis29
    - Xerostomia30
    - Sjogren’s Syndrome23
    - HIV-Associated Salivary Gland Disease21
    - IgG4 Disease18
    - Necrotising Sialometaplasia16
    - Sarcoidosis25
    - Sialadenosis15
    - Hypersalivation13
  - Histiocytosis28
    - Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis28
  - Primary Benign Neoplasms94
    - Osteoma17
    - Ossifying Fibroma27
    - Haemangioma36
    - Melanocytic Neuroectodermal Tumour14
  - Primary Malignant Neoplasms76
    - Osteosarcoma23
    - Chondrosarcoma13
    - Ewing’s Sarcoma17
    - Multiple Myeloma23
  - Secondary Metastatic Neoplasms18
- Bone Diseases285
  - Genetic Bone Diseases85
    - Gnathodiaphyseal Dysplasia8
    - Osteoporosis8
    - Achondroplasia10
    - Cherubism27
    - Hyperphosphatasia
  - Metabolic Bone Disease56
    - Rickets23
    - Hyperparathyroidism33
  - Other Bone Diseases41
    - Paget’s Disease of Bone37
  - Bone Cysts28
    - Solitary Bone Cyst15
    - Aneurysmal Bone Cyst12
    - Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Defect1
- Disorders of the TMJ115
  - Trismus29
  - Persistent Limitation of Movement58
    - Extracapsular Causes18
    - Intracapsular Causes18
    - Muscular Causes22
Orofacial Pain74
- Burning Mouth Syndrome20
- Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia9
- Sinus Disorders7
- Trigeminal Neuralgia38
Soft Tissue Disorders2454
- Autoimmune263
  - Lichen Planus148
    - Vulvovaginal-Gingival Syndrome
    - Malignant Change in Lichen Planus33
    - Lichenoid Reactions44
    - Lichenoid Drug Reactions26
    - Topical Lichenoid Reactions45
  - Lupus14
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis27
- Soft Tissue Calcifications6
- Vesiculobullous Disorders118
  - Erythema Multiforme23
  - Pemphigus Vulgaris24
  - Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica20
  - Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid23
  - Stevens-Johnson Syndrome14
  - Epidermolysis Bullosa14
- Gingival and Periodontal Diseases192
  - Chronic Gingivitis30
  - Chronic Periodontitis27
  - Aggressive Periodontitis19
  - Pre-Pubertal Periodontitis15
  - Lateral Periodontal Abscess15
  - Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis16
  - Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Periodontitis14
  - HIV-Associated Periodontitis28
  - Gingival Enlargement28
    - Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis13
    - Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth15
    - Localised Juvenile Spongiotic Gingivitis
- Major Infections of the Mouth and Face34
  - Noma (cancrum Oris)21
  - Actinomycosis13
- Diseases of the Oral Mucosa1517
  - Ulcers804
    - Infective354
      - Primary Herpetic Stomatitis37
      - Herpes Labialis28
      - Herpes Zoster43
      - Cytomegalovirus27
      - Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease22
      - Herpangina11
      - Measles21
      - Chicken Pox16
      - Tuberculosis22
      - Syphilis35
      - Candidosis40
      - Angular Cheilitis/stomatitis22
      - HIV-Associated Ulcers30
    - Non-Infective167
      - Behçet’s Disease22
      - Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis58
      - Traumatic36
      - Nicorandil-Induced Ulcers10
      - Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis18
    - Graft Versus Host Disease15
    - Lupus Erythematosus25
  - Mucosal Allergic Responses24
    - Reactive Arthritis9
    - Kawasaki Disease15
  - Benign White Mucosal Lesions193
    - Leukoplakia39
    - Fordyce Spots11
    - Leukoedema17
    - Frictional Keratosis19
    - Cheek and Tongue Biting21
    - Stomatitis Nicotina15
    - Oral Hairy Leukoplakia33
    - White Sponge Naevus17
    - Oral Keratosis of Renal Failure12
    - Skin Grafts9
  - Benign Mucosal Swellings145
    - Fibroepithelial Polyp21
    - Epulis31
    - Denture-Induced Granuloma8
    - Papillary Hyperplasia of Palate13
    - Pyogenic Granuloma27
    - Papilloma32
    - Verruciform Xanthoma11
    - Calibre-Persistent Artery2
  - Tongue Disorders141
    - Erythema Migrans23
    - Lingual Papillitis30
    - Hairy Tongue14
    - Glossitis30
    - Anaemic Glossitis22
    - Macroglossia22
  - Potentially Malignant Disorders397
    - Erythroplakia18
    - Speckled Leukoplakia-Erythroplakia25
    - Sublingual Keratosis20
    - Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia23
    - Smokeless Tobacco-Induced Keratosis17
    - Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis21
    - Oral Submucous Fibrosis24
    - Dyskeratosis Congenita23
    - HPV-Associated Dysplasia28
    - Syphilitic Leukoplakia11
- Soft Tissue Tumours243
  - Malignant63
    - Rhabdomyosarcoma15
    - Fibrosarcoma10
    - Kaposi’s Sarcoma38
- Oral Pigmented Lesions161
  - Diffuse Mucosal Pigmentation49
    - Addison’s Disease18
    - Drugs31
  - Localised Melanin Pigmentation1
    - Melanocanthoma1
  - Syndromes With Oral Pigmentation27
    - Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome27
    - Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome
  - Other Localised Pigmented Lesions84
    - Amalgam Tattoo25
    - Lead Lines15
    - Melanoma44
- Unwanted Oral Effects of Drugs146
  - Mucositis13
  - Fixed Drug Eruption10
  - Oral Lichenoid Reactions45
  - Mercurialism
  - Oral Hyperpigmentation27
  - Angioedema13
- Allergy111
  - Atopy20
  - Contact Dermatitis17
  - Local Anaesthetic Allergy13
  - Oral Allergy Syndrome26
  - Toothpaste-Induced Epithelial Peeling2
- Cervical Lymphadenopathy29
Tooth Disorders478
- Disorders of Tooth Development264
  - Abnormalities in Tooth Number91
  - Defective Dentine Formation58
    - Dentinal Dysplasia Type I8
    - Dentinal Dysplasia Type II12
    - Dentinogenesis Imperfecta19
    - Osteogenesis Imperfecta19
  - Defective Enamel Formation56
  - Defects of Enamel and Dentine49
    - Regional Odontodysplasia12
    - Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia12
  - Discolouration of Deciduous Teeth10
- Systemic Conditions Affecting Teeth107
  - Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism16
  - Hypophosphatasia18
  - Ehlers Danlos Syndrome16
  - Gardner’s Syndrome11
  - Congenital Syphilis17
  - Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets15
- Hypercementosis23
- Disorders of Eruption47
  - Eruption Haematoma16
  - Eruption Sequestrum3
  - Natal Teeth11
  - Delayed Eruption17
- Resorption37
  - Resorption of Deciduous Teeth13
  - Resorption of Permanent Teeth24
    - Idiopathic Resorption22
Disorders of Development45
- Cleft Lip and Palate37
  - Isolated Cleft Palate16
  - Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate19
- Stafne’s Idiopathic Bony Cavity3
- Hereditary Prognathism5
- Ankyloglossia
- Cowden’s Syndrome
- Crouzon Syndrome
- Apert Syndrome
- Treacher Collins Syndrome
- Hemifacial Microsomia
Oral Cancer195
- Carcinoma of the Alveolar Ridge, Cheek and Palate18
- Carcinoma of the Tongue and Floor of Mouth26
- Suspected Cancer Pathway Referral43
- TNM Staging26
- Verrucous Carcinoma23
- Carcinoma of the Lip38
- HIV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinomas10
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma11
Salivary Gland Disorders775
- Neoplastic473
  - Epithelial Tumours345
    - Benign180
      - Benign Nerve Sheath Tumours12
      - Pleomorphic Adenoma25
      - Lipoma10
      - Warthin’s Tumour18
      - Basal Cell and Canalicular Adenoma21
      - Granular Cell Tumour16
      - Congenital Granular Cell Tumour7
      - Oncocytoma10
      - Congenital Epulis13
      - Lymphangioma12
    - Primary Malignant114
      - Acinic Cell Carcinoma10
      - Secretory Carcinoma7
      - Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma20
      - Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma24
      - Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma9
      - Salivary Duct Carcinoma19
      - Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma6
      - Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma19
    - Secondary Malignant51
      - Lymphatic Spread24
      - Blood Borne27
  - Non-Epithelial Tumours128
    - Haematoma19
    - Lymphoma109
      - Hodgkin’s Lymphoma23
      - Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma24
      - Burkitt’s Lymphoma21
      - MALT Lymphoma23
      - Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma18
Haematological Disorders296
- Sickle Cell Disease15
- Thalassaemia14
- Leukaemia29
- Leukopaenia4
- Haemorrhagic Disorders90
  - Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia15
  - Purpura32
  - Von Willebrand’s Disease14
  - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation9
- Clotting Disorders35
  - Haemophilia A20
  - Christmas Disease15

Ulcers

From the DentTest dentistry textbook, with 804 practice questions. Last updated 25 September 2026.

Differential Diagnosis of Oral Ulceration

	Single ulcer	Multiple ulcers
Recurrent	Trauma	Recurrent oral ulceration associated with Behçet's disease Recurrent aphthous stomatitis Erythema multiforme Recurrent herpes Smoking cessation related
Persistent	Neoplasms Trauma Chronic infections (syphilis, TB, fungal) Drugs Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia (TUGSE)	Dermatological conditions (lichen planus, vesiculobullous conditions) Drugs Systemic conditions