Topics in Oral Medicine

Musculoskeletal Disorders 1540
- Infections of the Jaw107
  - Alveolar Osteitis9
  - Osteomyelitis69
    - Acute Osteomyelitis24
    - Chronic Osteomyelitis29
    - Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis16
  - Osteoradionecrosis17
  - Sclerotic Bone Islands12
- Cysts Around the Jaws249
  - Odontogenic Cysts184
    - Cysts of Inflammatory Origin48
      - Radicular Cyst36
        Lateral Radicular Cyst13
        Residual Radicular Cyst21
      - Inflammatory Collateral Cyst12
    - Cysts of Developmental or Unknown Origin136
      - Dentigerous Cyst27
      - Odontogenic Keratocyst14
        Basal Cell Naevus Syndrome11
      - Orthokeratinised Odontogenic Cyst12
      - Lateral Periodontal Cyst18
      - Glandular Odontogenic Cyst14
      - Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst25
      - Gingival Cyst26
  - Non-Odontogenic Cyst65
    - Incisive Canal Cyst17
    - Nasolabial Cyst11
    - Sublingual Dermoid Cyst12
    - Thyroglossal Duct Cyst13
    - Branchial Cyst12
    - Foregut Cyst
- Odontogenic Tumours352
  - Benign Epithelial Tumours75
    - Ameloblastoma35
    - Squamous Odontogenic Tumour11
    - Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour15
    - Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour14
  - Benign Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Tumours55
    - Ameloblastic Fibroma8
    - Primordial Odontogenic Tumour12
    - Odontome22
    - Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumour13
  - Benign Mesenchymal Tumours48
    - Odontogenic Fibroma15
    - Odontogenic Myxoma16
    - Cementoblastoma17
  - Fibro-Osseous Lesions61
    - Cemento-Ossifying Fibromas10
    - Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia13
    - Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia19
    - Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia19
    - McCune-Albright Syndrome
  - Malignant Neoplasms113
    - Ameloblastic Carcinoma17
    - Primary Intra-Osseous Carcinoma18
    - Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma15
    - Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma16
    - Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma14
    - Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma16
    - Odontogenic Sarcoma17
- Non-Odontogenic Tumours516
  - Non-Neoplastic306
    - Exostosis and Tori17
    - Salivary Calculi24
    - Osteochondroma13
    - Salivary Duct Strictures16
    - Central Giant Cell Granuloma32
    - Mucocele20
    - Sialadenitis30
    - Xerostomia26
    - Sjogren’s Syndrome20
    - HIV-Associated Salivary Gland Disease26
    - IgG4 Disease17
    - Necrotising Sialometaplasia10
    - Sarcoidosis27
    - Sialadenosis15
    - Hypersalivation13
  - Histiocytosis25
    - Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis25
  - Primary Benign Neoplasms94
    - Osteoma18
    - Ossifying Fibroma25
    - Haemangioma35
    - Melanocytic Neuroectodermal Tumour16
  - Primary Malignant Neoplasms69
    - Osteosarcoma19
    - Chondrosarcoma14
    - Ewing’s Sarcoma15
    - Multiple Myeloma21
  - Secondary Metastatic Neoplasms22
- Bone Diseases200
  - Genetic Bone Diseases68
    - Gnathodiaphyseal Dysplasia12
    - Osteoporosis25
    - Achondroplasia9
    - Cherubism22
    - Hyperphosphatasia
  - Metabolic Bone Disease53
    - Rickets29
    - Hyperparathyroidism24
  - Other Bone Diseases34
    - Paget’s Disease of Bone30
  - Bone Cysts45
    - Solitary Bone Cyst13
    - Aneurysmal Bone Cyst12
    - Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Defect20
- Disorders of the TMJ116
  - Trismus29
  - Persistent Limitation of Movement59
    - Extracapsular Causes18
    - Intracapsular Causes19
    - Muscular Causes22
Orofacial Pain74
- Burning Mouth Syndrome18
- Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia20
- Sinus Disorders8
- Trigeminal Neuralgia28
Soft Tissue Disorders2189
- Autoimmune214
  - Lichen Planus146
    - Vulvovaginal-Gingival Syndrome
    - Malignant Change in Lichen Planus35
    - Lichenoid Reactions43
    - Lichenoid Drug Reactions26
    - Topical Lichenoid Reactions42
  - Lupus15
  - Pemphigus Vulgaris23
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis30
- Soft Tissue Calcifications6
- Gingival and Periodontal Diseases197
  - Chronic Gingivitis35
  - Chronic Periodontitis29
  - Aggressive Periodontitis16
  - Pre-Pubertal Periodontitis19
  - Lateral Periodontal Abscess17
  - Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis11
  - Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Periodontitis12
  - HIV-Associated Periodontitis30
  - Gingival Enlargement28
    - Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis16
    - Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth12
    - Localised Juvenile Spongiotic Gingivitis
- Major Infections of the Mouth and Face34
  - Noma (cancrum Oris)21
  - Actinomycosis13
- Diseases of the Oral Mucosa1260
  - Ulcers535
    - Infective316
      - Primary Herpetic Stomatitis25
      - Herpes Labialis23
      - Herpes Zoster38
      - Cytomegalovirus30
      - Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease20
      - Herpangina11
      - Measles24
      - Chicken Pox16
      - Tuberculosis19
      - Syphilis31
      - Candidosis30
      - Angular Cheilitis/stomatitis19
      - HIV-Associated Ulcers30
    - Non-Infective141
      - Behçet’s Disease22
      - Erythema Multiforme24
      - Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis18
      - Traumatic35
      - Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis26
      - Nicorandil-Induced Ulcers15
      - Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis18
    - Graft Versus Host Disease16
    - Lupus Erythematosus26
    - Immunobullous Disease36
      - Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid23
      - Stevens-Johnson Syndrome13
      - Toothpaste-Induced Epithelial Peeling
  - Mucosal Allergic Responses23
    - Reactive Arthritis11
    - Kawasaki Disease12
  - Benign White Mucosal Lesions194
    - Leukoplakia40
    - Fordyce Spots18
    - Leukoedema14
    - Frictional Keratosis26
    - Cheek and Tongue Biting21
    - Stomatitis Nicotina14
    - Oral Hairy Leukoplakia25
    - White Sponge Naevus14
    - Oral Keratosis of Renal Failure12
    - Skin Grafts10
  - Benign Mucosal Swellings147
    - Fibroepithelial Polyp20
    - Epulis30
    - Denture-Induced Granuloma17
    - Papillary Hyperplasia of Palate15
    - Pyogenic Granuloma23
    - Papilloma30
    - Verruciform Xanthoma12
    - Calibre-Persistent Artery
  - Tongue Disorders153
    - Erythema Migrans27
    - Lingual Papillitis32
    - Hairy Tongue30
    - Glossitis30
    - Anaemic Glossitis18
    - Macroglossia16
  - Potentially Malignant Disorders208
    - Erythroplakia12
    - Speckled Leukoplakia-Erythroplakia23
    - Sublingual Keratosis20
    - Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia24
    - Smokeless Tobacco-Induced Keratosis20
    - Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis24
    - Oral Submucous Fibrosis20
    - Dyskeratosis Congenita25
    - HPV-Associated Dysplasia29
    - Syphilitic Leukoplakia11
- Soft Tissue Tumours58
  - Malignant58
    - Rhabdomyosarcoma12
    - Fibrosarcoma16
    - Kaposi’s Sarcoma30
- Oral Pigmented Lesions157
  - Diffuse Mucosal Pigmentation48
    - Addison’s Disease18
    - Drugs30
  - Localised Melanin Pigmentation
    - Melanocanthoma
  - Syndromes With Oral Pigmentation25
    - Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome25
    - Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome
  - Other Localised Pigmented Lesions84
    - Amalgam Tattoo24
    - Lead Lines22
    - Melanoma38
- Unwanted Oral Effects of Drugs131
  - Mucositis31
  - Fixed Drug Eruption19
  - Oral Lichenoid Reactions45
  - Mercurialism
  - Oral Hyperpigmentation26
  - Angioedema10
- Allergy102
  - Atopy20
  - Contact Dermatitis19
  - Local Anaesthetic Allergy14
  - Oral Allergy Syndrome29
- Cervical Lymphadenopathy30
Tooth Disorders361
- Disorders of Tooth Development268
  - Abnormalities in Tooth Number91
  - Defective Dentine Formation61
    - Dentinal Dysplasia Type I15
    - Dentinal Dysplasia Type II13
    - Dentinogenesis Imperfecta15
    - Osteogenesis Imperfecta18
  - Defective Enamel Formation53
  - Defects of Enamel and Dentine53
    - Regional Odontodysplasia16
    - Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia10
  - Discolouration of Deciduous Teeth10
- Systemic Conditions Affecting Teeth110
  - Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism16
  - Hypophosphatasia16
  - Ehlers Danlos Syndrome14
  - Gardner’s Syndrome15
  - Epidermolysis Bullosa14
  - Congenital Syphilis21
  - Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets14
- Hypercementosis28
- Disorders of Eruption51
  - Eruption Haematoma11
  - Eruption Sequestrum13
  - Natal Teeth11
  - Delayed Eruption16
- Resorption39
  - Resorption of Deciduous Teeth18
  - Resorption of Permanent Teeth21
    - Idiopathic Resorption19
Disorders of Development51
- Cleft Lip and Palate41
  - Isolated Cleft Palate19
  - Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate20
- Stafne’s Idiopathic Bony Cavity2
- Hereditary Prognathism8
- Ankyloglossia
- Cowden’s Syndrome
- Crouzon Syndrome
- Apert Syndrome
- Treacher Collins Syndrome
- Hemifacial Microsomia
Oral Cancer200
- Carcinoma of the Alveolar Ridge, Cheek and Palate18
- Carcinoma of the Tongue and Floor of Mouth26
- Suspected Cancer Pathway Referral36
- TNM Staging30
- Verrucous Carcinoma22
- Carcinoma of the Lip39
- HIV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinomas17
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma12
Salivary Gland Disorders453
- Neoplastic453
  - Epithelial Tumours324
    - Benign144
      - Benign Nerve Sheath Tumours10
      - Pleomorphic Adenoma20
      - Lipoma15
      - Warthin’s Tumour13
      - Basal Cell and Canalicular Adenoma25
      - Granular Cell Tumour14
      - Congenital Granular Cell Tumour8
      - Oncocytoma11
      - Congenital Epulis14
      - Lymphangioma14
    - Primary Malignant130
      - Acinic Cell Carcinoma17
      - Secretory Carcinoma14
      - Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma14
      - Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma16
      - Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma16
      - Salivary Duct Carcinoma20
      - Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma16
      - Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma17
    - Secondary Malignant50
      - Lymphatic Spread23
      - Blood Borne27
  - Non-Epithelial Tumours129
    - Haematoma23
    - Lymphoma106
      - Hodgkin’s Lymphoma29
      - Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma20
      - Burkitt’s Lymphoma24
      - MALT Lymphoma16
      - Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma17
Haematological Disorders185
- Sickle Cell Disease16
- Thalassaemia13
- Leukaemia28
- Leukopaenia
- Haemorrhagic Disorders92
  - Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia13
  - Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica24
  - Purpura30
  - Von Willebrand’s Disease15
  - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation10
- Clotting Disorders36
  - Haemophilia A19
  - Christmas Disease17

Ulcers

From the DentTest dentistry textbook, with 535 practice questions. Last updated 10 September 2026.

Differential Diagnosis of Oral Ulceration

	Single ulcer	Multiple ulcers
Recurrent	Trauma	Recurrent oral ulceration Recurrent aphthous stomatitis Erythema multiforme Recurrent herpes
Persistent	Neoplasms Trauma Chronic infections (syphilis, TB, fungal) Drugs	Dermatological conditions (lichen planus, vesiculobullous conditions) Drugs