Topics in Oral Medicine

Musculoskeletal Disorders 628
- Infections of the Jaw78
  - Alveolar Osteitis9
  - Osteomyelitis69
    - Acute Osteomyelitis24
    - Chronic Osteomyelitis29
    - Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis16
  - Osteoradionecrosis
  - Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
  - Sclerotic Bone Islands
- Cysts Around the Jaws122
  - Odontogenic Cysts110
    - Cysts of Inflammatory Origin13
      - Radicular Cyst13
        Lateral Radicular Cyst13
        Residual Radicular Cyst
      - Inflammatory Collateral Cyst
    - Cysts of Developmental or Unknown Origin97
      - Dentigerous Cyst24
      - Odontogenic Keratocyst11
        Basal Cell Naevus Syndrome11
      - Orthokeratinised Odontogenic Cyst
      - Lateral Periodontal Cyst
      - Glandular Odontogenic Cyst14
      - Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst22
      - Gingival Cyst26
  - Non-Odontogenic Cyst12
    - Incisive Canal Cyst
    - Nasolabial Cyst
    - Sublingual Dermoid Cyst
    - Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
    - Branchial Cyst12
    - Foregut Cyst
- Odontogenic Tumours193
  - Benign Epithelial Tumours70
    - Ameloblastoma30
    - Squamous Odontogenic Tumour11
    - Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour15
    - Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour14
  - Benign Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Tumours21
    - Ameloblastic Fibroma8
    - Primordial Odontogenic Tumour
    - Odontome
    - Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumour13
  - Benign Mesenchymal Tumours15
    - Odontogenic Fibroma
    - Odontogenic Myxoma
    - Cementoblastoma15
  - Fibro-Osseous Lesions42
    - Cemento-Ossifying Fibromas10
    - Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia13
    - Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia19
    - Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
    - McCune-Albright Syndrome
  - Malignant Neoplasms45
    - Ameloblastic Carcinoma17
    - Primary Intra-Osseous Carcinoma
    - Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma
    - Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma14
    - Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma14
    - Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma
    - Odontogenic Sarcoma
- Non-Odontogenic Tumours131
  - Non-Neoplastic73
    - Extostosis and Tori
    - Salivary Calculi
    - Osteochondroma
    - Salivary Duct Strictures
    - Central Giant Cell Granuloma30
    - Mucocele
    - Sialadenitis
    - Xerostomia
    - Sjogren’s Syndrome
    - HIV-Associated Salivary Gland Disease26
    - IgG4 Disease17
    - Necrotising Sialometoplasia
    - Sarcoidosis
    - Sialadenosis
    - Hypersalivation
  - Histiocytosis
    - Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
  - Primary Benign Neoplasms29
    - Osteoma
    - Ossifying Fibroma
    - Haemangioma29
    - Melanocytic Neuroectodermal Tumour
  - Primary Malignant Neoplasms29
    - Osteosarcoma
    - Chondrosarcoma14
    - Ewing’s Sarcoma15
    - Multifocal Myeloma
  - Secondary Metastatic Neoplasms
- Bone Diseases76
  - Genetic Bone Diseases43
    - Gnathodiaphyseal Dysplasia12
    - Osteoporosis
    - Achondroplasia9
    - Cherubism22
    - Hyperophsphatasis
  - Metabolic Bone Disease21
    - Rickets
    - Hyperparathyroidism21
  - Other Bone Diseases
    - Paget’s Disease of Bone
  - Bone Cysts12
    - Solitary Bone Cyst
    - Aneurysmal Bone Cyst12
    - Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Defect
- Disorders of the TMJ28
  - Trismus
  - Persistent Limitation of Movement
    - Extracapsular Causes
    - Intracapsular Causes
    - Muscular Causes
Orofacial Pain46
- Burning Mouth Syndrome18
- Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
- Trigeminal Neuralgia28
Soft Tissue Disorders991
- Autoimmune
  - Lichen Planus
    - Vulvovaginal-Gingival Syndrome
    - Malignant Change in Lichen Planus
    - Lichenoid Reactions
    - Lichenoid Drug Reactions
    - Topical Lichenoid Reactions
  - Lupus
  - Pemphigus Vulgaris
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Gingival and Periodontal Diseases152
  - Chronic Gingivitis26
  - Chronic Periodontitis29
  - Aggressive Periodontitis16
  - Pre-Pubertal Periodontitis
  - Lateral Periodontal Abscess
  - Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis11
  - Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Periodontitis12
  - HIV-Associated Periodontitis30
  - Gingival Enlargement28
    - Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis16
    - Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth12
    - Localised Juvenile Spongiotic Gingivitis
- Major Infections of the Mouth and Face10
  - Noma (cancrum Oris)
  - Actinomycosis10
- Diseases of the Oral Mucosa632
  - Ulcers274
    - Infective203
      - Primary Herpetic Stomatitis
      - Herpes Labialis23
      - Herpes Zoster25
      - Cytomegalovirus30
      - Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease20
      - Herpangina11
      - Measles
      - Chicken Pox16
      - Tuberculosis
      - Syphilis
      - Candidosis29
      - Angular Cheilitis/stomatitis19
      - HIV-Associated Ulcers30
    - Non-Infective55
      - Behçet’s Disease12
      - Erythema Multiforme24
      - Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis18
      - Traumatic
      - Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
      - Nicroandil-Induced Ulcers
      - Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis18
    - Graft Versus Host Disease16
    - Lupus Erythematosus
    - Immunobulous Disease
      - Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
      - Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
      - Toothpase-Induced Epithelial Peeling
  - Mucosal Allergic Responses
    - Reactive Arthritis
    - Kawasaki Disease
  - Benign White Mucosal Lesions73
    - Leukoplakia
    - Fordyce Spots14
    - Leukodemia
    - Frictional Keratosis26
    - Cheek and Tongue Biting21
    - Stomatitis Nicotina
    - Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
    - White Sponge Naevus
    - Oral Keratosis of Renal Failure12
    - Skin Grafts
  - Benign Mucosal Swellings90
    - Fibroepithelial Polyp20
    - Epulis30
    - Denture-Induced Granuloma17
    - Papillary Hyperplasia of Palate
    - Pyogenic Granuloma23
    - Papilloma
    - Verruciform Xanthoma
    - Calibre-Persistent Artery
  - Tongue Disorders105
    - Erythema Migrans27
    - Lingual Papillitis
    - Hairy Tongue30
    - Glossitis30
    - Anaemic Glossitis18
    - Macroglossia
  - Potentially Malignant Disorders90
    - Erythroplakia12
    - Speckled Leukoplakia-Erythroplakia
    - Sublingual Keratosis
    - Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
    - Smokeless Tobacco-Induced Keratosis
    - Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis24
    - Oral Submucosal Fibrosis
    - Dyskeratosis Congenita25
    - HPV-Associated Dysplasia29
    - Syphilitic Leukoplakia
- Soft Tissue Tumours16
  - Malignant16
    - Rhabdomyosarcoma
    - Fibrosarcoma16
    - Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- Oral Pigmented Lesions63
  - Diffuse Mucosal Pigmentation48
    - Addison’s Disease18
    - Drugs30
  - Localised Melanin Pigmentation
    - Melanocanthoma
  - Syndromes With Oral Pigmentation
    - Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome
    - Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome
  - Other Localised Pigmented Lesions15
    - Amalgam Tattoo15
    - Lead Lines
    - Melanoma
- Unwanted Oral Effects of Drugs29
  - Mucositis
  - Fixed Drug Eruption19
  - Oral Lichenoid Reactions
  - Mercurialism
  - Oral Hyperpigmentation
  - Angioedema10
- Allergy59
  - Atopy20
  - Contact Dermatitis19
  - Local Anaesthetic Allergy
  - Oral Allergy Syndrome
- Cervical Lymphadenopathy30
Tooth Disorders204
- Disorders of Tooth Development193
  - Abnormalities in Tooth Number83
  - Defective Dentine Formation37
    - Dentinal Dysplasia Type I15
    - Dentinal Dysplasia Type II10
    - Dentinogenesis Imperfecta12
    - Osteogenesis Imperfecta
  - Defective Enamel Formation42
  - Defects of Enamel and Dentine21
    - Regional Odontodysplasia
    - Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia
  - Discolouration of Deciduous Teeth10
- Systemic Conditions Affecting Teeth89
  - Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism16
  - Hypophosphatasia16
  - Ehlers Danlos Syndrome14
  - Gardner’s Syndrome15
  - Epidermolysis Bullosa14
  - Congenital Syphilis14
  - Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets
- Hypercementosis24
- Disorders of Eruption16
  - Eruption Hematoma
  - Eruption Sequestrum
  - Natal Teeth
  - Delayed Eruption16
- Resoprtion17
  - Resorption of Deciduous Teeth
  - Resorption of Permanent Teeth17
    - Idiopathic Resorption17
Disorders of Development8
- Cleft Lip and Palate
  - Isolated Cleft Palate
  - Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
- Stafne’s Idiopathic Bony Cavity
- Hereditary Prognathism8
- Ankyloglossia
- Cowden’s Syndrome
- Crouzon Syndrome
- Alpert Syndrome
- Tracher Collins Syndrome
- Hemifacial Macrosomia
Oral Cancer78
- Carcinoma of the Alveolar Ridge, Cheek and Palate
- Carcinoma of the Tongue and Floor of Mouth12
- NHS Referral Criteria for 2 Week Wait36
- TNM Staging
- Verrucous Carcinoma
- Carcinoma of the Lip30
- HIV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinomas
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Salivary Gland Disorders203
- Neoplastic203
  - Epithelial Tumours129
    - Benign56
      - Benign Nerve Sheath Tumours
      - Pleomorphic Adenoma
      - Lipoma
      - Warthin’s Tumour
      - Basal Cell and Canalicular Adenoma25
      - Granular Cell Tumour11
      - Cogenital Cell Tumour8
      - Oncoctyoma
      - Congenital Epulis12
      - Lymphangioma
    - Primary Malignant46
      - Acinic Cell Carcinoma15
      - Secretory Carcinoma
      - Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
      - Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma14
      - Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma
      - Salivary Duct Carcinoma
      - Epithelial-Myopeithelial Carcinoma
      - Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma17
    - Secondary Malignant27
      - Lymphatic Spread
      - Blood Borne27
  - Non-Epithelial Tumours74
    - Haematoma23
    - Lymphoma51
      - Hodgkin’s Lymphoma27
      - Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
      - Burkitt’s Lymphoma24
      - MALT Lymphoma
      - Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma
Haematological Disorders59
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Thalassaemia
- Leukaemia
- Leukopaenia
- Haemorrhagic Disorders23
  - Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia13
  - Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica
  - Purpura
  - Von Willebrand’s Disease
  - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation10
- Clotting Disorders36
  - Haemophilia a19
  - Christmas Disease17

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

From the DentTest dentistry textbook. Last updated 6 August 2026.

Clinical case

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Clinical Features

Investigations

Primary investigations:

Gold standard investigation:

Investigations to consider:

Differential diagnosis

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Clinical case

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Clinical Features

Investigations

Primary investigations:

Gold standard investigation:

Investigations to consider:

Differential diagnosis

Management

Complications

Prognosis

References